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ACLS
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
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Author(s) |
Church TS, Thompson AM, Katzmarzyk PT, Sui X, Johannsen N, Earnest CP, Blair SN |
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Title(s) |
Metabolic syndrome and diabetes, alone and in combination, as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men |
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Reference(s) |
Diabetes Care 2009;32:1289–94 |
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Disease |
Diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome
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Purpose |
To assess cardiovascular mortality risk in men with diabetes only, metabolic syndrome only, both or neither |
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Study design |
Observational |
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Follow-up |
Mean 14.6 ± 7.0 years |
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Patients |
34,179 men (532 diabetes only, 8780 metabolic syndrome only, 1097 both metabolic syndrome and diabetes, 23,770 neither diabetes nor metabolic syndrome), mean age 45.1 ± 10.2 years |
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Results |
Cardiovascular death rates adjusted for age, examination year and smoking were 5.5, 3.3, 6.5 and 1.9 per 1000 person-years for men with diabetes only, metabolic syndrome only, both, and neither, respectively. Compared to men with neither diabetes nor metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular mortality was higher in men with diabetes only (hazard ratio 2.9, 95% CI 2.1–4.0), metabolic syndrome only (hazard ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.0) and both diabetes and metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio 3.4, 95% CI 2.8–4.2). Among the 1629 patients with diabetes, the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome did not raise cardiovascular mortality risk compared to those with no metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.7). Among the 9877 patients with metabolic syndrome, the concurrent presence of diabetes was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to those with no diabetes (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.7–2.6) |
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